What Every Canadian Traveller Needs to Know About Air Travel in 2025

Frank
Jan 3
15 min read

Airplane at an airport terminal waiting to board passengers

Are travel plans on the horizon? Navigating airports and air travel as a Canadian passenger has its own set of rules. From packing advice to understanding ticket options, this post covers the must-know tips for flying smoothly in 2025.

Understanding Air Travel Basics

Travelling by air can seem like a maze of terminology and procedures, especially for first-timers. Knowing the basics helps you sail smoothly through the experience. Here's what every traveller should understand before boarding.

Types of Flights

Did you know not all flights are created equal? Understanding the types of flights available can save you time and stress.

Direct Flights: A direct flight isn't always as "direct" as it sounds. It gets you to your destination without changing planes, but often includes stops along the way. This can mean brief layovers, but you'll stay on the same aircraft. Learn more about direct and connecting flights.
Connecting Flights: These flights require switching planes mid-journey. Travellers often opt for them as they can be more affordable, but the downside? You need to navigate another airport, often within a tight timeframe. Curious about how these work? This guide to connecting flights can help.
Domestic vs. International: Domestic flights operate within one country’s borders, typically involving simpler procedures and less paperwork. International flights? They cross national borders. You'll need to deal with customs, visas, and extra scrutiny.

Flight Timings

Timing matters more than you think when flying. Being late isn’t just embarrassing—it can lead to missed flights. Airlines are known for their strict schedules, but that doesn’t mean delays don't happen.

Importance of Punctuality: Aim to arrive at the airport at least two hours before domestic flights and three for international. Why? You'll need time for check-in, security, and unexpected hold-ups.
Delays Are Common: Flight delays occur due to weather, technical issues, or air traffic. While waiting can sour your mood, patience is key. Knowing about potential delays helps: check your airline’s resources for updates before heading to the airport.

Airline Policies

Airline rules can feel like a mix of science and art. But breaking them could mean fees, delays, or worse. Familiarizing yourself with policies ensures you're on the right track.

Luggage Rules: Airlines impose strict guidelines on carry-on and checked bags. Checked bags often have a weight limit of about 50 lbs, while typical carry-ons should not exceed 22 x 18 x 10 inches. For specifics, refer to this helpful rundown of carry-on and checked baggage rules.
Check-In Processes: Gone are the days of solely in-person check-ins. Most airlines now offer online check-ins or mobile apps. This saves time but ensures you meet the deadlines. Miss it, and rebooking may cost you.
Special Considerations: Traveling with pets or medical equipment? Rules vary widely by airline. Some items may require advance notice or added charges.

Understanding these flight basics lays the groundwork for a seamless trip. Make informed choices, respect the rules, and anticipate potential hiccups. Travelling well starts here!

Current Carry-On Policies in Canada

If you're flying within, from, or to Canada, you must follow specific carry-on rules set by airlines. Knowing the nuances of these restrictions can save you from extra charges or last-minute stress. Let's break down the carry-on policies of the leading Canadian airlines: Air Canada, WestJet, and smaller carriers.

Air Canada Carry-On Restrictions

Air Canada allows passengers to bring one carry-on item and one personal item onboard. Carry-on size limits are 21.5 x 15.5 x 9 inches (55 x 40 x 23 cm), and personal items must fit within 13 x 17 x 6 inches (33 x 43 x 16 cm). Oversized items need to be checked in to avoid issues during boarding.

As of 2024, new fees apply for Basic Economy fares where carry-on baggage may no longer be complimentary. Passengers in lower fare classes must pay $35 CAD for the first carry-on bag or $50 for a second, depending on their route. Always ensure you're aware of recent updates when booking. For full details, check Air Canada’s Carry-On Baggage Policy.

Prohibited items like lithium batteries, certain liquids over 100ml, and sharp objects in your carry-on must be avoided, as they’re flagged at security. See Air Canada’s list of restricted items for clarity.

WestJet Carry-On Guidelines

WestJet passengers are permitted a standard carry-on item of 21 x 15 x 9 inches (53 x 38 x 23 cm) and a personal item such as a handbag or small backpack. Your bag must fit into the overhead bins or beneath the seat in front of you.

Unlike Air Canada, WestJet hasn’t introduced additional fees for carry-ons in their lowest fare class. However, failing to follow size rules means your bag will be checked—with fees applied at the gate. Liquids, aerosols, and gels are limited to containers under 100ml, and stored in a clear plastic bag to ease security clearance. For up-to-date details, visit their Carry-On Baggage Requirements.

Other Canadian Airlines’ Policies

Canada’s smaller airlines, like Porter, Flair, and Swoop, also implement unique carry-on restrictions. Here’s a quick overview of their policies:

Porter Airlines: Carry-on bags must be 21.5 x 13.5 x 9 inches (55 x 35 x 23 cm). Personal items are limited to 16 x 12 x 5.5 inches (40 x 30 x 14 cm).
Flair Airlines: Flair charges for carry-on bags depending on ticket fare type, with size limits of 21.5 x 15.5 x 9 inches.
Swoop Airlines: Travellers are allowed one personal item for free, but carry-on items incur extra costs and must meet size restrictions of 22 x 16 x 9 inches (56 x 41 x 23 cm).

For details, check each airline's baggage page when booking your ticket. You can avoid surprises by measuring and weighing your bags before leaving home. For pricing and specific carry-on rules, Porter Airlines’ baggage policies, Flair Airlines’ pricing options, and Swoop’s carry-on guidelines may be useful references.

What Can You Bring on Board?

Understanding what’s allowed in your carry-on can save you a lot of frustration at security checkpoints. Canadian air travel follows strict rules to ensure safety and minimize delays. From prohibited items to liquid restrictions and electronic regulations, here's everything you need to know to prepare for a smooth journey.

Preparing for Security Checks

Certain items simply cannot be brought in your carry-on bag, no exceptions. These restrictions prioritize safety and comply with international aviation standards. Prohibited items include:

Sharp objects: Knives, scissors over 6cm, and razor blades.
Sports equipment: Baseball bats, golf clubs, and hockey sticks.
Tools: Wrenches, pliers, and drills.
Explosives and flammable items: Fireworks, lighters, and aerosol paint.
Self-defense equipment: Pepper spray, stun guns, or martial arts items.

Even everyday items like liquids over the allowed limit or certain batteries can raise flags. For an exhaustive list, check the Transports Canada guide on prohibited items. Make sure to pack these in your checked luggage or leave them at home.

Liquid Restrictions

Liquids, gels, and aerosols come with strict limitations in carry-on luggage. Canadian regulations follow the 100ml rule, which means any container larger than 100ml is not permitted.

Pack smart: All containers must fit into a resealable, transparent plastic bag. The bag itself can’t exceed a 1-litre capacity.
Permissible items: Small tubes of toothpaste, travel-size shampoo, and mini perfume bottles are generally fine.
Exceptions: Medications, baby formula, and breast milk are allowed in larger quantities but require declaration at the security checkpoint.

If you're unsure whether an item qualifies as a liquid, refer to CATSA’s detailed liquid regulations guide.

Electronic Device Regulations

Electronic devices are allowed, but travellers need to prepare them properly for security checks.

Laptops and tablets: Must be removed from your bag and placed in a bin for separate screening.
Portable chargers (power banks): Should stay in your carry-on, as they’re not allowed in checked baggage.
Battery guidelines: Lithium batteries with a capacity of 100Wh or less are typically permitted, but anything larger requires airline approval.
Demonstration requirement: Security staff may ask you to power on your device to ensure it’s functional.

For a detailed look at what’s permitted, see Air Canada’s carry-on baggage policy. Staying prepared reduces stress, especially when flying with tight schedules or connections.

Tips for Packing Your Carry-On

A traveller packing his carry-on luggage — Traveller packing his carry-on luggage

Packing a carry-on efficiently can save you time, money, and headaches when travelling. Whether it's maximizing your space, choosing the right bag, or making it through airport security with ease, a little preparation goes a long way. Here's how you can stay organized and stress-free.

Maximize Space Effectively

Packing a carry-on is like solving a puzzle: every inch matters. Here's how you can make the most of the space you have:

Roll, Don’t Fold: Rolling clothes instead of folding saves space and prevents wrinkles.
Compression Bags: Use these for bulky items like jackets; they reduce the size significantly. Read tips on packing efficiently.
Stick to Essentials: Plan outfits around versatile pieces that mix and match. A single pair of shoes can work wonders.
Use the "1-2-3-Rule": Pack one pair of shoes, two bottoms, and three tops for flexibility without overpacking.
Fill Every Nook: Utilize every pocket, stuffed shoe, or strap. Do you have tiny items like chargers or socks? They’re perfect for filling small spaces.

Efficiency isn't about sacrificing what you need but being intentional with what you bring.

Check-out our listing of

Choosing the Right Bag

Your bag isn't just a container—it’s an essential part of your travel experience. The right choice can make or break your trip:

Spinner or Backpack?: Four-wheel spinners are excellent for maneuvering through airports, while backpacks provide hands-free convenience.
Expandable Options: Look for carry-ons with expandable compartments for some wiggle room.
Durability Over Style: Lightweight yet sturdy materials like polycarbonate ensure your bag holds up over time. Here are some of the best carry-on bags for travellers.
Size Compliance: Make sure your bag meets size limitations specific to your airline, as restrictions vary.
Pockets Matter: Outer compartments are lifesavers for quick-access items like boarding passes or snacks.l

Choosing your bag wisely means you don’t have to stress every time you approach a gate agent with your carry-on.

What to Do If You Are Denied Boarding

Encountering a denied boarding situation can be both frustrating and confusing, but you have rights and options. Understanding these rights and knowing what steps to take can turn a challenging experience into a manageable one. Below, we’ll guide you through the steps to take and the solutions available.

Communicating with Airline Staff

The first step if you’re denied boarding is to speak with the airline staff calmly but confidently. They are your initial point of contact for resolving the issue.

Request a Clear Explanation: Politely ask why you were denied boarding. Is it due to overbooking or operational reasons? Knowing the cause can determine your eligibility for compensation.
Document Everything: Take note of conversations, get a written explanation, and keep copies of any boarding passes or travel documents. A paper trail can be essential when filing complaints later.
Assert Your Rights: Mention your awareness of the Air Passenger Protection Regulations (APPR), which require airlines in Canada to compensate passengers for certain types of flight disruptions. If needed, check a reliable source like the Canadian Transportation Agency's guide on denied boarding.

While it’s tempting to vent frustrations, staying composed and focused will help you achieve better results. Ask for information on re-accommodation or additional resources they can provide.

Compensation and Refunds

Under Canadian regulations, airlines must compensate passengers who are denied boarding due to circumstances within their control. Here’s what you should know:

Compensation Amounts: The APPR stipulates compensation based on the delay caused:
- $900 CAD for delays between 0–6 hours.
- $1,800 CAD for delays between 6–9 hours.
- $2,400 CAD for delays over 9 hours.
Refund and Alternate Arrangements: Airlines must offer one of the following:
- A full refund of your ticket including unused portions.
- Rebooking on the next available flight at no additional cost.
Additional Compensation: Beyond monetary compensation, airlines may provide meal vouchers, accommodation for overnight delays, and transport between the airport and hotel. For complete details, review the Denied Boarding Compensation Guide.
Declining Travel Vouchers: Airlines often offer travel credits instead of cash. Remember, you can opt for cash compensation instead, which is often more practical. For specifics, you can check the Air Canada notice of denied boarding.

Finally, if your rights aren’t acknowledged, you can file a formal complaint with the Canadian Transportation Agency or seek advice on forums like Legal Advice Canada. Knowing your options ensures you are treated fairly and receive what you're entitled to. ciently, you’ll breeze through your flight with everything you need at your fingertips.

Boarding Procedures

A traveller holding his passport and boarding pass — Traveller holding his passport and boarding pass

Flying can feel like a puzzle, but understanding how boarding works makes the process much simpler. Airlines follow structured procedures to get everyone on board efficiently. Let’s break it down so you know exactly what to expect and how to make the most of it.

Understanding Boarding Groups

Airlines use boarding groups to organize passengers and reduce delays. These groups are assigned based on factors like seat class, loyalty status, or check-in time. Here’s a simple breakdown:

First Class and Priority Passengers: Typically, these travellers board first. Perks of spending extra or being a loyal flyer!
Middle Groups: Passengers in economy with assigned seating are usually right after.
Final Groups: Basic economy or travellers assigned to later boarding rounds finish the process.

Knowing your boarding group number helps you avoid the common rush to the gate. Listen for announcements or watch the screens near your gate for updates.

Keep one eye on the queue and another on the boarding gate. Your goal? Be ready when your group is called, but don’t block others by queuing too early.

What to Do Once on Board

Boarding isn’t over once you’re at your seat—it’s just the start of getting settled and ready for the flight. These step-by-step actions will help you avoid common mistakes and stay comfortable:

Stow Your Carry-On: Place oversized items in the overhead bin (wheels first) and keep essentials under the seat in front. Avoid blocking the aisle—quick stowing keeps boarding smooth!
Fasten Your Seatbelt: Before takeoff, buckle up and adjust it snugly around your waist. Keep it on throughout the flight for safety.
Store Loose Items: Put small items like your phone, book, or earbuds in the seat pocket. This way, essentials are always within reach.
Understand Safety Protocols: Pay attention to the safety demo or video. It may feel repetitive, but knowing exit locations or oxygen mask procedures matters in emergencies.

For first-time flyers, reading guides like this checklist can remove confusion when it comes to these simple but important steps.

Your seat is also your personal space. Take a moment to adjust the air vent, settle into your area, and get comfortable. Found your seatmate in your spot? Double-check tickets politely—it’s often a simple misunderstanding.

Being prepared, cooperative, and mindful keeps everyone happy and ensures the flight starts smoothly. Before you know it, you’ll be cruising at 30,000 feet, ready to enjoy (or endure) your trip.

In-Flight Experience

Passengers settled in for their flight, engaging in various activities such as watching in-flight entertainment and browsing their phones.

Flying isn't just about reaching your destination—it’s about making the journey enjoyable. From managing your comfort to handling unexpected issues, here's how you can make the most of your time in the air.

Comfort and Space: Tips for maximizing comfort during the flight

Airline seats may not always feel roomy, but with a few strategies, you can maximize comfort:

Pick the Right Seat: Use tools like SeatGuru to choose a seat that fits your preferences. Extra legroom seats or aisle options often make a big difference.
Wear Comfortable Clothing: Think flexible fabrics like yoga pants and breathable tops. Even footwear matters—opt for shoes you can easily slip off and back on.
Bring Travel Essentials: Items like travel pillows, noise-cancelling headphones, and an eye mask can turn your seat into a cozy nook.
Stay Hydrated: Pressurized cabins can dehydrate you quickly. Pack a reusable water bottle to fill up after security.
Stretch and Move: Get up for a quick walk down the aisle or do seated stretches to keep circulation flowing and reduce stiffness.

A little preparation can turn even long flights into a much more bearable experience.

Handling In-Flight Issues: Advice on common problems and how to address them

Even well-planned flights can have hiccups. Here’s how to tackle common concerns while in the air:

Flight Delays and Seating Mix-Ups: If things don't go as planned, stay calm and communicate effectively with staff. Resources like this guide provide actionable steps for managing delays or cancellations.
Health Concerns: If you feel nauseous or unwell, inform the cabin crew immediately. Keeping motion sickness pills or ginger chews handy can help, as highlighted in this article.
Dealing with Disruptive Passengers: Stay polite but assertive. If the issue persists, notify a flight attendant discreetly.
Technical Problems with Entertainment Systems: Bring your own entertainment backup, like downloaded movies or an audiobook.

Flying doesn’t have to be a source of stress. By being prepared and staying flexible, you can handle most in-flight challenges with ease.

Post-Flight Actions

The journey doesn’t end once the plane lands. While the thrill of reaching your destination can be exciting, there are still important steps to complete before you can fully unwind. From clearing customs to retrieving your luggage, here’s what to expect after your flight.

Customs and Immigration

If you've travelled internationally, your first stop will likely be customs and immigration. This process is essential to ensure compliance with entry laws and regulations. Here’s what it involves:

Immigration Procedures: Upon exiting the plane, proceed directly to the immigration checkpoint. Keep your passport and any necessary visas ready for verification. The officer may ask questions about your travel purpose and duration. For more guidance, check out this resource on Airport Arrival Procedures.
Customs Declaration: On the plane, you’ll usually receive a declaration form—online systems may also be used in some countries. Be honest about your declarations, especially regarding currency, food, and goods. Failing to comply can lead to fines or confiscation. For a detailed explanation, see the Canadian Personal Exemption mini-guide and, Customs Guidelines by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Tips for a Smooth Process:
- Fill out all forms correctly and clearly.
- Use the appropriate line—“citizen,” “visitor,” or otherwise—to avoid delays.
- Have answers ready for common questions, like where you’ll be staying.

This part of travel can feel slow, but preparation is your best friend. Travelling to the U.S.? Resources like Immigration and Customs Tips can provide insight into the required steps.

Baggage Claim

Once cleared, you’ll head to the baggage claim area to retrieve your checked luggage. While this is straightforward, a few tips help speed up the process:

Locate the Right Carousel: Look for TV monitors or digital displays that show your flight number and the corresponding baggage carousel. Most airports make this easy, and asking staff for help is always an option. Learn more from this Reddit travel resource.
Retrieve Your Luggage Efficiently:
- Spot your bag faster by using unique identifiers like colourful straps or tags.
- An AirTag or luggage tracker can help if something goes missing. See Tips to Breeze Through Baggage Claim.
- Double-check the tags to ensure it’s your luggage—mistakes happen often.
Dealing with Lost Luggage: In the unfortunate event your bag doesn’t arrive, head to your airline’s counter immediately. Provide the claim stub you received earlier and file a report. For tips, this guide on Retrieving Checked Bags After Issues is helpful.

Knowing what to do at baggage claim ensures you can grab your items and move on quickly. The end of a flight doesn’t have to mean chaos if you stay prepared.

Final Tips

A traveller checking his boarding pass on his smartphone app. — Traveller checking his boarding pass on his smartphone app.

Even the most seasoned travellers benefit from a few final reminders. As you prepare to board your flight, keeping these last-minute essentials in mind can save you from unnecessary stress. Let’s explore two crucial aspects that can streamline your journey.

Staying Informed: Use your airline's app for updates

Your airline's app is one of the most valuable tools you can have while flying. It’s not just for booking tickets—it keeps you connected and updated. Why is this important? Flight delays, gate changes, or cancellations can happen at any time, and missing out on updates could derail your plans.

Real-Time Notifications: Most airline apps, like Air Canada, Air Transat and Sunwing, offer instant notifications about changes to your flight.
Boarding Pass Access: Skip the paper and use digital boarding passes on your phone, which are easy to update if needed.
Seat Changes and Upgrades: Want to move to a better seat? Many apps allow you to monitor and secure last-minute upgrades.
Flight Tracking: Apps like Flighty provide real-time tracking and insightful data about your flight, whether it’s live delays or terminal maps.

Taking a moment to familiarize yourself with your app’s features can save you from last-minute surprises at the airport.

Travel Insurance: Consider getting travel insurance for emergencies

Travel is full of unexpected twists, and emergencies don’t wait for you to plan ahead. Travel insurance might not be the most glamorous topic, but it’s a vital safeguard. Whether you're dealing with a medical issue abroad or a cancelled flight, the right coverage can ease the burden.

Emergency Medical Expenses: Insurers like Allianz cover urgent medical costs when you’re far from home. This is especially important for international travel where healthcare systems vary.
Trip Cancellations and Interruptions: Certain policies reimburse you for non-refundable travel costs if your plans take a hit.
Lost or Delayed Luggage: Imagine arriving at your destination without your bags. Insurance often covers the essentials until your luggage is located.
Evacuations: Some plans also include coverage for emergency evacuations, whether medical or due to crises, as detailed by Squaremouth.

Be sure to research options like NerdWallet’s guide to travel insurance to find the plan that fits your needs. It’s a small investment for peace of mind when the unexpected strikes.

By staying informed and prepared, you set yourself up for a smoother, more enjoyable trip. Take these final steps seriously—they could make all the difference as you embark on your next journey.

Conclusion

Flying doesn't have to feel overwhelming. From understanding your flight type to organizing your packing, each step matters. Being prepared saves time, reduces stress, and helps you enjoy the journey.

Take these insights with you on your next trip. Bookmark helpful resources, download your airline's app and pack smart. Remember: travel is meant to be exciting, not stressful.

What’s your favourite pre-flight ritual? Share in the comments below—your advice could help others!

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